Completeness and Accuracy of a Wide-Area Maritime Situational Picture based on Automatic Ship Reporting Systems

Automatic ship reporting systems (AIS – Automatic identification System, LRIT – Long Range Identification and Tracking, VMS – Vessel Monitoring System) today allow global tracking of ships. One way to display the results is in a map of current ship positions over an area of interest, the Maritime Situational Picture (MSP). The MSP is dynamic and must be constructed from fusing the reporting systems’ messages, constructing ship tracks and predicting ship positions to correct for latency especially in the case of AIS received by satellite which forms the bulk of the data. This paper discusses the completeness of the resulting MSP and the accuracy of its positions, quantifying the additional value of the individual data sources.JRC.G.3-Maritime affair

Emergence of complex and spinor wave functions in scale relativity. I. Nature of scale variables

One of the main results of Scale Relativity as regards the foundation of quantum mechanics is its explanation of the origin of the complex nature of the wave function. The Scale Relativity theory introduces an explicit dependence of physical quantities on scale variables, founding itself on the theorem according to which a continuous and non-differentiable space-time is fractal (i.e., scale-divergent). In the present paper, the nature of the scale variables and their relations to resolutions and differential elements are specified in the non-relativistic case (fractal space). We show that, owing to the scale-dependence which it induces, non-differentiability involves a fundamental two-valuedness of the mean derivatives. Since, in the scale relativity framework, the wave function is a manifestation of the velocity field of fractal space-time geodesics, the two-valuedness of velocities leads to write them in terms of complex numbers, and yields therefore the complex nature of the wave function, from which the usual expression of the Schr\"odinger equation can be derived.Comment: 36 pages, 5 figures, major changes from the first version, matches the published versio

Maritime Studies 2016

Das Jahrbuch enthält ausgezeichnete Bachelor- oder Masterarbeiten sowie Forschungsbeitäge und Ergebnissse. In dieser Ausgabe sind folgende Aufsätze enthalten: Vibration analysis based on acoustic and mechanical measurement methods. Ultraschall zur In-situ-Reinigung von Membranen in Membranbioreaktoren (MBR) an Bord von Schiffen - Untersuchung zu den Auswirkungen auf Aktivität und Struktur des Belebtschlammes. Untersuchung der heutigen SOLAS-Regeln bzgl. der Stabilität und Lecksicherheit am Beispiel der Titanic mit Hilfe von Paramarine

The use of radar and AIS in anti-collision on a modern IBS in the Norwegian Navy

Project thesis submitted in part fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science - Positioning and Navigation Technology, The University of Nottingham.Navigation in the littoral waters of Norway is based on long traditions. All naval units spend much time and effort to navigate faster, safer and tactically clever. For decades radar has been the most important tool to ensure navigation at an acceptable risk level. After the introduction of computer based integrated bridge systems, it was possible to give the navigators a new set of tools, and it was technologically possible to do things faster and with a higher level of automation and precision. However, the introduction of new technology did not only lead to a safer and more efficient navigation. The statistics revealed that during the last decade, collisions still happened at approximately the same frequency. Most of the collisions reports express that violations of “the International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea” (COLREG) occur. The reports also describe incorrect use of radar and AIS and lack of understanding of the systems. In addition to visual evaluation, radar and AIS are the most important aids to avoid a collision. The radar is well known, but has been constantly developed. Even if AIS is relatively new, most ships have installed it, but it is not always taken maximum advantage of. In order to investigate how radar and AIS are utilised in the Norwegian navy, the fieldwork consisted of observation of live navigation on board the Skjold class and in the simulator at NNC. In addition 19 officers were interviewed by means of a questionnaire to evaluate the level of knowledge within radar and AIS. The findings indicate that all the different aids provided in an IBS to avoid collisions are not fully understood and not fully utilised. Some automatic functions are never used and hardly ever explored. Visual observations were the most important and most used input factors to create a SA before decisions were made. The electronic information provided by radar and AIS was not always utilised to achieve an optimal SA. However, all potential collisions incidents in the field tests were handled in a professional and safe way

Pruebas de estabilidad en buques de guerra averiados con base en ANEP-77: Estudio de caso para F-110

Stability tests are a core part of a hydrodynamics warship design. The acquired knowledge from the hydrodynamics model basin will affect her lifespan. Particularly, a safety assessment of damaged ships, which considers environmental conditions such as waves and wind, is critical in future operations. Over the last decade, a significant amount of experience has been gained associated with predicting the capsize behavior of intact and damaged naval vessels, and the main objective of this paper is to provide insights into different relevant physical aspects to prevent the capsizing of damaged ships in waves following the Naval Ship Code (NSC) or ANEP-77 rules. Currently, the Royal Navy of Spain is developing the future F-110 frigate class and carried out model tests at Canal de Experiencias Hidrodinámicas de El Pardo (CEHIPAR) for optimizing the forms of body hulls. Among these dynamic experiences, the most critical are the damage stability tests. Although a safety criteria of damaged ships that considers environmental conditions such as waves and wind has not yet been developed, NATO and the European maritime classification societies have developed guidelines for safety assessments such as the ANEP-77. This code contains damage scenarios and environmental conditions. Las pruebas de estabilidad son una parte fundamental de un diseño de busques de guerra hidrodinámicos. El conocimiento adquirido de la cuenca del modelo hidrodinámico afectará su vida útil. En particular, una valoración de la seguridad de las naves averiadas que considera las condiciones ambientales como el oleaje y el viento, es crítico para operaciones futuras. Durante la última década, una experiencia significativa ha sido adquirida respecto de la predicción del comportamiento de la zozobra de buques militares averiados e intactos y el principal objetivo de este ensayo es dar perspectivas sobre los diferentes aspectos físicos relevantes para prevenir la zozobra de naves averiadas en olas mediante el seguimiento del Código de Buques Navales (NSC) o normas ANEP-77. Actualmente, la Armada Real de España esta desarrollando la futura clase de fragata F-110 y realizó pruebas modelo en el Canal de Experiencias Hidrodinámicas de El Pardo (CEHIPAR) para optimizar las formas de cascos de cuerpo. Entre estas experiencias dinámicas, las más críticas son las pruebas de estabilidad de averías. Aunque el criterio de seguridad de las naves averiadas que considera las condiciones ambientales tales como oleaje y viento no ha sido aún desarrollado, la OTAN y la sociedades de clasificación marítimas europeas han desarrollado guías para la evaluación de seguridad tales como la ANEP-77. Este código contiene escenarios de averías y condiciones ambientales.